Composite anode structure



April 16, 1946. G. tM. DlN'NlcK ET Al. 2,398,582

COMPOSITE ANQDE STRUCTURE FiledMay's, 1942 1.0 15 13 f 2.6 J5 la 1 3f 19 1f l 1:/ j Il 21 15 INVENToRs ATTORNEY Patented Apr. 16, 1946 UNITED STATES PATENT oFFlcE cor/moslim ANoDE STRUCTURE George M. Dinnick, Bloomfield, N. J., and John P. Quitter, Cincinnati, Ohio, assignors to Westinghouse Electric Corporation, East Pittsburgh, Pa., a corporation of Pennsylvania Application May 9, 1942, Serial No. 442,361 s Claims. (Cl. 25o-27.5)

This invention relates to electron discharge devices and more particularly tothe structure of anode for use as one element of a triode in an electron discharge device andespecially one for generation of ultra high frequency waves.

Solution of certain difliculties known to exist in electron discharge devices particularly when employed for short wave generation, has evaded complete attainment. It is recognized that inherent increase inV capacitances between electrodes of the device operates in opposition to reduction of wave length. vItis also recognized that radio'frequency currents flow `in the anode surface and are aiected by the resistance of that surface. For greatest eciency, the anode surface should therefore be a good electrical con-` ductor,v but this may not result in the best possible heat dissipative possibilities, as many known poor conductors rank high from the standpoint of heat dissipation. Thus are encountered opposing qualifications which the prior art fails to fully reconcile.

A primary object contemplated by the present invention, is to provide, in one structure, an anode possessing low surface resistance to radio frequency currents and at the same time high heat-dissipative ability.

A further object of the invention is to obtain the characteristics just mentioned by an anode of the type identified in general as aYblack-body or carbon anode. i

Another object of the invention is to provide an improved electron discharge device of the internal capacitative-inductance type for ultra high frequency generation.

Yet another object of the invention is to cornbine in one structure an internal capacitative inductance and high heat dissipation whilemaintaining low surface resistance both in the anode proper and in the internal capacitative-inductance circuit means.

Again, an object of the invention is to enable a carbon anode to be employed and provide means for protecting the cathode from harm- Vful effects therefrom, such as from particles or heat therefrom.

Still other objects of the invention will appear as the description progresses both by direct statement thereof and by implication from the context.

Referring to the accompanying drawing, in which like numerals of reference indicate similar parts throughout theseveral views,

Figure 1 is an elevation of an electron discharge device embodying the present invention;

Figure 2 is a perspective View of the anode;

Figure 3 is a, perspective view of parts of the anode showing relationship about to be assembled;

Figure 4 is a perspective view of one of the metallic extension parts of the anode; and

Figure 5 is a sectional plan ofthe anode.

In the specic embodiment of the invention illustrated in said drawing, the reference numeral I0 indicates an evacuatedenvelope, here indicated as of glass. At the top of this envelopeltwo protruding stems H are provided (one directly behind the other in Fig. 1) which constitute sealing and supporting means for lead-in posts I2 from which ananode unit I3 is suspended at approximately the middle part of the. envelope. This anode which willbe more i extensively described hereinafter, provides four vertical substantially cylindrical `and symmetrically disposed cavities I4 within each ofwhich are appropriately situated grids I5 havingfa` common support I6 extending lengthwise beneath the anode unit and in turn Supported at its ends by lead-in connections I'I mounted vin and through downwardly protruding stems I8 formed integral with the envelope. A lament I9 is within each grid to complete the triode, separate lead-in wires 20 and stems 2l depending from the envelope supporting each lament operatively inplace.

. The anode unit I3 is fabricated from several parts, of which the metal parts will be first identied. Those parts may be referred to for convenience as duplicate front and rear surfacing portions 22, and as a pair of horizontally disposed `U-shaped anode extension portions 23 of -which one leg of each is unified with one of the surfacing portions and the other leg of which is unified with the other surfacing portion, the respective legs being alined and the rounded ends of the U-shaped portions being at the far ends of the assembled structure,

Description of one surfacing portion 22 will suffice for both. As shown, it preferably comprises a sheet of suitable metal, such as molybdenum, having a length aiording a at mid-section 24 and at end wings or sections 25 all substantially in a common vertical plane and two tubular sections 26, the hollows ofv which provide the aforementioned cavities I4. ,As shown, the inner ends of end sections 25, except for a small gap 21, substantially abutthe ends of the mid section 24, the contiguous ends being bent laterally thereat, all in the same general direction, for forming said tubular sections as integral parts with said end sections and mid section. The two tubular sections are accordingly both situated .behind the flat sections, slightly offset frombeing tangential to the plane thereof, and

with allowance for said gaps and material thickness,4 provide, with the legs ofV the extension portions 23, continuous surfaces therewith.

At the top and bottom of the mid section 24,

sections. These tabs Iare shapedto not overlie the end openings of the said tubular sections,

but have a contour which enables the tabs to i substantially span the space between said tubular sections next or in the region of .the open ends thereof. In practice, one at least of these tabs of the mid section is bent toits perpendicular position after assembly. l l

In addition to the metal parts above described, the anode unit also has two black body or other heat dissipating blocks, one at the front and one at the rear of said anode unit. These blocks are duplicates, wherefore description ofr one will sumce for both. Each block provides a pair of cylindrical cavities 29 therethrough from top to bottom each with a lateral vertical slot 30 through a substantially plane face 3l of the block. The

size and relation of cavities 29, slot 3|) and face 3l is such that the block may be slid onto the heretofore described tubular sections 26, and with the flat parts thereof, above described, contiguous to said face 3| of the block. By virtue of the slight gap 21 in the continuity of tubular sections 25, they may bev squeezed enough to obtain easy insertion, the resiliency of the metal spreading the sections into intimate surface contact with the walls of the cylindrical cavities 29 when finally mounted therein.

After the metallic and block sections have been assembled as above described, the aforementioned tab 28 is bent into surface contact with the block. This places one tab above and one tab below the block. Bolt holes 32 in the block from top to bottom thereof, and registering holes 33 in the tabs permits introduction of a boltcr other suitable means 34 for securing the parts together. The means may be that more specifiterpreted as inclusive of all matter falling within the spirit and scope of the invention.

1. An anode comprising a metallic Yportion forming an inner anode surface, and'blocks of high heat dissipative character in surface contact with extensive surface areas of the anode, said 'j blocks having slits therein and said metallic porvtion extending through said slits and along outer surfaces of said blocks.

'2. An anode comprising a plurality of metallic tubular portions connected together and forming i inner anode surfaces, and blocks of high heat discally shown and described in companion application Ser. No. 442,360, filed in the names of I.Y E. Mouromtsei and George M'. Dinnick, wherein the bolt is part of support or post I2 hereinbeforementioned.

The structure set forth accordingly provides an anode which passes low surface resistance at its inner part, to radio frequency',vand highheat dissipativel ability by virtue of the black body or carbon blocks. To improve the heat dissipation characteristic, the blocks may be ribbed or stepped, as at 35, thereby giving increased surface area at the part of the blocks away from the elongated metal portion of the anode. Electron bombardment of the anode applies upon the metal part thereof, thus avoiding dislodgement of carbon particles, since such particles tend to frequently lodge upon the cathode to its detriment and deleterious to the functioning characteristic of the device. The metal lining for the anode carbonV block also tends to spread the heat over a wider area for transfer to and dissipation by the saidblock which is a most beneficial desideratum. Furthermore the structure is one lending 'itself to lightness, economy and simplicity and capable ofbeing readilyand quickly manufactured. f Y

Various modifications and changesas to fprecise structure and materials are contemplated but deemed unnecessary to specifically illustrate, the present showing amply depicting the inventive concept and `selected as' exemplary thereof, wherefore, the followingv claims arev 'to fbe Yin sipative character having cylindrical cavities with said tubular portions mounted therein and in surface contact therewith.

3. An anode comprising an elongated metallic loop-like structure having tubular portions offset therefrom and symmetrically disposed with respect thereto and providing cavities therein, and a block of high heat dissipative character having a plurality of cylindrical cavities each having one of said tubular portions therein.

4. An anode comprising a metallic part comprising surfacing portions substantially in a plane and having a laterally situated tubular portion formed therewith the axis of said tubular portion being'parallel to and offset from said plane, and heat dissipating means aroundsaid tubular portion.

5. An anode comprising a metallic surfacing portion and a heat dissipating portion, said surfacing portion providing a at mid-section and flat end sections substantially in a common plane, and said heat dissipating portion having flatwise engagement with said fiat sections of the surfacing portion, said surfacing portion having parts thereof between said mid-section and end sections offset from said plane and comprising an anode.

6. An anode comprising a metallic surfacing portion and a heat dissipating portion, said surfacing portion providing a plurality of at sections and a tubular section comprising a substantially complete tube laterally offset in its entirety from said fiat sections, and said heat dissipating portion having fiat areas and an offset tubular area, the entire said flat areas and tubular area being respectively in surface contact with said fiat sections and tubular section.

7. VAn anode comprising a block having a flat side face and flat top and bottom faces, and a surfacing portion coextensive with said fiat side face of the block and having tabs in surface contact with the top and bottom faces of the block.

8. An electron discharge device comprising an evacuated envelope having a cathode and anode therein, means for making external electrical connection to said cathode and to said anode, said anode having a carbon body an inherent characteristic whereof is dislodgement of particles under electron bombardment, and said anode having means on the face thereof subject,` to bombardment for intercepting the electrons from the cathode andprotecting the cathode from deleterious effects from dislodged particles by preventing dislodgement of such particles from the anode, said means extending'laterally from the anode and surfacing one exterior face of the carbon body, the opposite face of said carbon body being exposed for heat dissipation therefrom. f

. AGEORGE M. DINNICK. JOHN P. QUITlER. 

